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An ANN-exhaustive-listing method for optimization of multiple building shapes and envelope properties

Yaolin LIN, Wei YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 550-563 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0607-1

摘要： With increasing awareness of sustainability, demands on optimized design of building shapes with a view to maximize its thermal performance have become stronger. Current research focuses more on building envelopes than shapes, and thermal comfort of building occupants has not been considered in maximizing thermal performance in building shape optimization. This paper attempts to develop an innovative ANN (artificial neural network)-exhaustive-listing method to optimize the building shapes and envelope physical properties in achieving maximum thermal performance as measured by both thermal load and comfort hour. After verified, the developed method is applied to four different building shapes in five different climate zones in China. It is found that the building shape needs to be treated separately to achieve sufficient accuracy of prediction of thermal performance and that the ANN is an accurate technique to develop models of discomfort hour with errors of less than 1.5%. It is also found that the optimal solutions favor the smallest window-to-external surface area with triple-layer low-E windows and insulation thickness of greater than 90 mm. The merit of the developed method is that it can rapidly reach the optimal solutions for most types of building shapes with more than two objective functions and large number of design variables.

关键词： ANN (artificial neural network)     exhaustive-listing     building shape     optimization     thermal load     thermal comfort    

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An extended thermo-mechanically coupled algorithm for simulation of superelasticity and shape memoryeffect in shape memory alloys

S. HASHEMI,H. AHMADIAN,S. MOHAMMADI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 466-477 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0300-3

摘要： Thermo-mechanical coupling in shape memory alloys is a very complicated phenomenon. The heat generation/absorption during forward/reverse transformation can lead to temperature-dependent variation of its mechanical behavior in the forms of superelasticity and shape memory effect. However, unlike the usual assumption, slow loading rate cannot guarantee an isothermal process. A two-dimensional thermo-mechanically coupled algorithm is proposed based on the original model of Lagoudas to efficiently model both superelasticity and shape memory effects and the influence of various strain rates, aspect ratios and boundary conditions. To implement the coupled model into a finite element code, a numerical staggered algorithm is employed. A number of simulations are performed to verify the proposed approach with available experimental and numerical data and to assess its efficiency in solving complex SMA problems.

关键词： shape memory alloy     thermo-mechanical coupling     superplasticity     shape memory effect    

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A novel shape memory alloy actuated soft gripper imitated hand behavior

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0700-8

摘要： The limited length shrinkage of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire seriously limits the motion range of SMA-based gripper. In this paper, a new soft finger without silicone gel was designed based on pre bent SMA wire, and the finger was back to its original shape by heating SMA wire, rather than relying only on heat exchange with the environment. Through imitating palm movement, a structure with adjustable spacing between fingers was made using SMA spring and rigid spring. The hook structure design at the fingertip can form self-locking to further improve the load capacity of gripper. Through the long thin rod model, the relationship of the initial pre bent angle on the bending angle and output force of the finger was analyzed. The stress-strain model of SMA spring was established for the selection of rigid spring. Three grasping modes were proposed to adapt to the weight of the objects. Through the test of the gripper, it was proved that the gripper had large bending amplitude, bending force, and response rate. The design provides a new idea for the lightweight design and convenient design of soft gripper based on SMA.

关键词： shape memory alloy (SMA)     pre bent     wire     gripper     grasping mode     lightweight    

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Size and shape effects of MnFeO nanoparticles as catalysts for reductive degradation of dye pollutants

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 108-171 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1396-4

摘要： The magnetic nanoparticles that are easy to recycle have tremendous potential as a suitable catalyst for environmental toxic dye pollutant degradation. Rationally engineering shapes and tailoring the size of nanocatalysts are regarded as an effective manner for enhancing performances. Herein, we successfully synthesized three kinds of MnFe2O4 NPs with distinctive sizes and shapes as catalysts for reductive degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, and methylene orange. It was found that the catalytic activities were dependent on the size and shape of the MnFe2O4 NPs and highly related to the surface-to-volume ratio and atom arrangements. Besides, all these nanocatalysts exhibit selectivity to different organic dyes, which is beneficial for their practical application in dye pollutant treatment. Furthermore, the MnFe2O4 NPs could be readily recovered by a magnet and reused more than ten times without appreciable loss of activity. The size and shape effects of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles demonstrated in this work not only accelerate further understanding the nature of nanocatalysts but also contribute to the precise design of nanoparticles catalyst for pollutant degradation.

关键词： Dye degradation     MnFe2O4 nanoparticles     Size and shape-control    

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Temperature effects of shape memory alloys (SMAs) in damage control design of steel portal frames

Xiaoqun LUO, Hanbin GE, Tsutomu USAMI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 348-357 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0176-4

摘要： The objective of the present study is to analytically investigate temperature effects of an axial-type seismic damper made of shape memory alloys (SMAs) equipped in steel frames. Based on a modified multilinear one dimensional constitutive model of SMAs, two types of SMAs are employed, which have different stress plateau and different stress growth rate with temperature increase. Temperature effects of SMA dampers on seismic performance upgrading are discussed in three aspects: different environment temperatures; rapid loading rate induced heat generation and different SMA fractions. The analysis indicates that the effect of environment temperature should be considered for the SMA damper in steel frames. However, the rapid loading rate induced heat generation has little adverse effect.

关键词： damage control design     shape memory alloy     temperature effect    

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A fully solid-state cold thermal energy storage device for car seats using shape-memory alloys

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 504-515 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0855-3

摘要： Thermal energy storage has been a pivotal technology to fill the gap between energy demands and energy supplies. As a solid-solid phase change material, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have the inherent advantages of leakage free, no encapsulation, negligible volume variation, as well as superior energy storage properties such as high thermal conductivity (compared with ice and paraffin) and volumetric energy density, making them excellent thermal energy storage materials. Considering these characteristics, the design of the shape-memory alloy based the cold thermal energy storage system for precooling car seat application is introduced in this paper based on the proposed shape-memory alloy-based cold thermal energy storage cycle. The simulation results show that the minimum temperature of the metal boss under the seat reaches 26.2 °C at 9.85 s, which is reduced by 9.8 °C, and the energy storage efficiency of the device is 66%. The influence of initial temperature, elastocaloric materials, and the shape-memory alloy geometry scheme on the performance of car seat cold thermal energy storage devices is also discussed. Since SMAs are both solid-state refrigerants and thermal energy storage materials, hopefully the proposed concept can promote the development of more promising shape-memory alloy-based cold and hot thermal energy storage devices.

关键词： shape-memory alloy (SMA)     elastocaloric effect (eCE)     cooled seat     cold thermal energy storage    

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板形计法的定义及实验应用

张进之,段春华,朱健勤

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第12期   页码 47-51

摘要：

板形测控数学模型、解析板形刚度理论和板形板厚协调规律的综合称为板形计法。采用两种实验方式验证了板形计法的正确性和实用性，其一是通过轧铝板实验，计算轧机板形刚度和轧件板形刚度，由实测铝板凸度验证板形刚度方程；其二是由CVC板形控制热连轧机实测数据，用离线计算自适应系数的方法验证板形测控数学模型。

关键词： 板形计法     板形刚度方程     测控数学模型     后计算     自适应    

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Calculation method on shape finding of self-anchored suspension bridge with spatial cables

Yan HAN, Zhengqing CHEN, Shidong LUO, Shankui YANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 165-172 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0021-6

摘要： Based on the spatial model, a reliable and accurate calculation method on the shape finding of self-anchored suspension bridge with spatial cables was studied in this paper. On the principle that the shape of the main cables between hangers is catenary, the iteration method of calculating the shapes of the spatial main cables under the load of hanger forces was deduced. The reasonable position of the saddle was determined according to the shape and the theoretical joint point of the main cables. The shapes of the main cables at completed cable stage were calculated based on the unchanging principle of the zero-stress lengths of the main cables. By using a numerical method combining with the finite element method, one self-anchored suspension bridge with spatial cables was analyzed. The zero-stress length of the main cables, the position of the saddle, and the pre-offsetting of the saddle of the self-anchored suspension bridge were given. The reasonable shapes of the main cables at bridge completion stage and completed cable stage were presented. The results show that the shape-finding calculation method is effective and reliable.

关键词： bridge engineering     self-anchored suspension bridges     special cables     shape-finding     calculation method    

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Innovation Ecosystem for Green Smart City Building in China

Jin Chen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 325-330 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015058

摘要： Green Smart City (GSC), is one of the new types of cities which integrates eco-concepts and information technologies. As GSC construction is a resource intensive process, it requires a large amount of knowledge, information, talent and capital. Thus, setting up an innovation ecosystem is an astute way to promote the construction of a GSC. This paper, based on the case study by the Insigma Group, tries to explore the rules of innovation ecosystem building for the construction of GSCs in China.

关键词： green smart city     resource     innovation ecosystem building    

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Shape selective catalysis in methylation of toluene: Development, challenges and perspectives

Jian Zhou, Zhicheng Liu, Yangdong Wang, Dejin Kong, Zaiku Xie

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 103-112 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1671-x

摘要： Toluene methylation with methanol offers an alternative method to produce -xylene by gathering methyl group directly from C1 chemical sources. It supplies a “molecular engineering” process to realize directional conversion of toluene/methanol molecules by selective catalysis in complicated methylation system. In this review, we introduce the synthesis method of -xylene, the development history of methylation catalysts and reaction mechanism, and the effect of reaction condition in -selective technical process. If constructing -xylene as the single target product, the major challenge to develop -selective toluene methylation is to improve the -xylene selectivity without, or as little as possible, losing the fraction of methanol for methylation. To reach higher yield of -xylene and more methanol usage in methylation, zeolite catalyst design should consider improving mass transfer and afterwards covering external acid sites by surface modification to get short “micro-tunnels” with shape selectivity. A solid understanding of mass transfer will benefit realizing the aim of converting more methanol feedstock into -methyl group.

关键词： shape selective catalysis     methylation of toluene    

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Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography

Jiehua LI, Bernd OBERDORFER, Daniel HABE, Peter SCHUMACHER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第13卷 第1期   页码 48-52 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0493-y

摘要：

Three types of near-net shape casting aluminum parts were investigated by computed tomography to determine casting defects and evaluate quality. The first, second, and third parts were produced by low-pressure die casting (Al-12Si-0.8Cu-0.5Fe-0.9Mg-0.7Ni-0.2Zn alloy), die casting (A356, Al-7Si-0.3Mg), and semi-solid casting (A356, Al-7Si-0.3Mg), respectively. Unlike die casting (second part), low-pressure die casting (first part) significantly reduced the formation of casting defects (i.e., porosity) due to its smooth filling and solidification under pressure. No significant casting defect was observed in the third part, and this absence of defects indicates that semi-solid casting could produce high-quality near-net shape casting aluminum parts. Moreover, casting defects were mostly distributed along the eutectic grain boundaries. This finding reveals that refinement of eutectic grains is necessary to optimize the distribution of casting defects and reduce their size. This investigation demonstrated that computed tomography is an efficient method to determine casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts.

关键词： near-net shape casting     aluminum parts     casting defects     low pressure die casting     die casting     semi-solid casting     computed tomography    

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Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status, existing problems and solutions

Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 2-21 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0023-z

摘要： Energy use in buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its significant proportion in the energy pan of the world. China is the second largest energy user, yet the situation of energy use in the China building sector remains unclear, due to problems of statistics and data processing and problematic use of these data. In this paper, a series of methods is developed, in the first place, to give strict definitions of energy data and to divide energy use into 4 sub-sectors according to the unique situation of China. Then, each sub-sector is further analyzed through international comparisons. Existing problems of energy use and solutions for energy reduction in each sub-sector are also discussed. Accordingly, it is found that China uses much less energy, in terms of both per capita and unit area, in buildings than developed countries. The difference in energy use could be attributed, in large part, to lifestyles of local people, which could determine their way of energy use but is more determined by cultural concepts than by others such as income, technique and so on, especially in China. However, to fulfill the requirements of lifestyles with higher living standards and lower energy consumption, technological innovations are needed.

关键词： building energy use     lifestyle and technology     residential building     commercial building     rural building    

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Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 575-581 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0473-7

摘要： In this paper, the influence of different external wall insulation materials on the energy consumption of a newly built apartment in Germany is investigated. Three types of insulation materials commonly used in Germany including mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel are chosen for the case studies. An energy analysis model is established to clarify the primary energy use for production of the insulation materials and for building space heating. The calculation results show that the energy consumption for insulation material production increases with the insulation thickness, whereas the energy use for space heating decreases with the insulation thickness. Thus, there exists an optimum thickness to get the lowest total energy consumption for each kind of insulation material. The ascending order of the total energy consumption of the three materials is mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel. However, the optimum insulation thicknesses for the three insulation materials show a verse order at a certain heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope. The energy payback time (EPT) is proposed to calculate the payback time of the primary energy use for insulation material production. Mineral fiber has the shortest time, followed by polyurethane and vacuum insulation panel. The EPTS is 10, 19 and 21 years, respectively when the heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope is 0.2 W/(m ·K). In addition, the simulated results show that the theoretical value and the simulated value are basically identical.

关键词： building envelope     insulation materials     energy consumption     payback time    

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Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

Cao XIANG, Zhe TIAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 518-524 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0261-y

摘要： This paper investigated the variation of building heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future (B1/A1B emissions scenarios) meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001–2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961–1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% (18.1%)/10.2% (22.7%) compared to that of 1971–2010 by 2011–2050 (2051–2100).

关键词： global warming     office building     heating energy consumption    

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Facility managers’ perceptions on building performance assessment

Rafaela BORTOLINI, Núria FORCADA

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 324-333 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018010

摘要：

During the operational phase, building performance may decrease in various areas, so that the end users’ requirements are no longer met. Consequently, indicators are useful to assess and improve the performance of existing buildings. In this study, we carried out a literature review and organized a focus group with facility management experts to gather and analyze facility managers’ perceptions on operational indicators that could be used to assess the performance of buildings. The results revealed that the core indicators used to measure a building’s operational performance are related to safety and assets working properly, health and comfort, space functionality, and energy performance. The findings also revealed that these indicators can be obtained from three sources: a) facility managers/operators, who carry out corrective maintenance and perform technical inspections, b) regular users, who report complaints and fill-in satisfaction questionnaires, and c) sporadic users, who also fill-in satisfaction questionnaires. These indicators and their sources can contribute to a better analysis of building performance and the definition of measures to improve performance during the operational phase of a building.

关键词： building performance     facility management     non-residential buildings    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

An ANN-exhaustive-listing method for optimization of multiple building shapes and envelope properties

Yaolin LIN, Wei YANG

期刊论文

An extended thermo-mechanically coupled algorithm for simulation of superelasticity and shape memoryeffect in shape memory alloys

S. HASHEMI,H. AHMADIAN,S. MOHAMMADI

期刊论文

A novel shape memory alloy actuated soft gripper imitated hand behavior

期刊论文

Size and shape effects of MnFeO nanoparticles as catalysts for reductive degradation of dye pollutants

期刊论文

Temperature effects of shape memory alloys (SMAs) in damage control design of steel portal frames

Xiaoqun LUO, Hanbin GE, Tsutomu USAMI

期刊论文

A fully solid-state cold thermal energy storage device for car seats using shape-memory alloys

期刊论文

板形计法的定义及实验应用

张进之,段春华,朱健勤

期刊论文

Calculation method on shape finding of self-anchored suspension bridge with spatial cables

Yan HAN, Zhengqing CHEN, Shidong LUO, Shankui YANG

期刊论文

Innovation Ecosystem for Green Smart City Building in China

Jin Chen

期刊论文

Shape selective catalysis in methylation of toluene: Development, challenges and perspectives

Jian Zhou, Zhicheng Liu, Yangdong Wang, Dejin Kong, Zaiku Xie

期刊论文

Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography

Jiehua LI, Bernd OBERDORFER, Daniel HABE, Peter SCHUMACHER

期刊论文

Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status, existing problems and solutions

Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI,

期刊论文

Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

期刊论文

Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

Cao XIANG, Zhe TIAN

期刊论文

Facility managers’ perceptions on building performance assessment

Rafaela BORTOLINI, Núria FORCADA

期刊论文